The Bhagavad Gita Part 3: The Impurities of the Mind, by Mahendra Mathur

gita.gifIn the last two issue of Tattva, we began a series on The Bhagavad Gita. This article is a continuation of the series.

The gist of what Krishna preached was that no matter what the result of an action is, we should do our duty without bothering about the reward. Arjuna had the right and control only over the action and not on its subsequent fruit. The right action is bound to bring about the right result, but one should not run after rewards. A person with the right mind renounces the fruits of action and reaches the highest goal called moksha, liberation, which is free from all evil. One who does not understand this loses happiness, as desires give rise to anger, and anger destroys reason—the intelligence to discriminate between right and wrong. Happiness and peace of mind come to those who do not think of themselves and thereby attain God and nirvana.

 

Krishna tells Arjuna about the yoga of knowledge and action, which should be religiously practiced. It is the karma yogi, who through selfless action becomes a sannyasi, a master of his senses. Krishna advises Arjuna to become a yogi who should worship Him like a true devotee.

In short, the Bhagavad Gita teaches us how to be, how to think and how to act.

The world is looked upon in three different ways by every person: there are objects which one likes, there are others which one dislikes, and there are objects about which one is neutral. The presence, possession, or appearance of a liked object makes a person happy; its absence makes one unhappy. The presence of a disliked object makes one unhappy, and its absence makes one happy. Neutral objects are those about which one is indifferent; that is, the presence or absence of which do not cause happiness or unhappiness.

Thus depending upon one’s value-structure built up over years, one views an object as an object of like, dislike or indifference. The objects are not created by me – they are there to fulfill some purpose. They do not have as their attributes likes and dislikes. Any given object liked by one may be disliked by another, and it may not be able to evoke anything more than indifference in another person. While one person may be happy in acquiring a certain object, another one may be equally happy in getting rid of it. This shows that likes and dislikes are both private, subjective concepts of an individual. So we essentially live not in a world as it is but rather in a private world of likes and dislikes. Upon the sight of an object, the mind immediately superimposes like or dislike upon it and so a distorted vision of the object is presented to the intellect for judgment and response. The public world is not what I live in but I rather live in a private world fashioned by my dislikes and dislikes. So what makes me unhappy – the public world or my own world? I cannot say that the world as is makes me happy, for I have no knowledge of it with all my likes and dislikes. The struggle to acquire what I like and to avoid what I dislike is constant. If my contact with the world is unavoidable, this struggle is also unavoidable. It is like driving a vehicle on the road when one must be alert to avoid accidents. Likes and dislikes cannot be exhausted by fulfilling them because as old ones go new ones take their place. The values of a person also keep on changing. What is liked today may not be liked tomorrow and what is liked at one place may not be liked at another. A cup of coffee may be desirable in the morning but not in the middle of night. A sandwich may be desirable when I am hungry but not when I do not have an appetite. Likes and dislikes cannot be totally fulfilled. Likes and dislikes keep me a seeker of happiness and thus deny the happiness that is my true nature. Sorrow is alien; it is not my nature. One who knows oneself as ananda is happy for no reason, just as fire is hot for no reason because heat is the nature of fire. Lord Krishna describes a wise man as the one who is happy by himself because of himself in verse 55 of Chapter II. “When one, O Pritha’s son! – Abandoning desires which shake the mind - Finds in his soul full comfort for his soul,He hath attained the Yog – that man is such!”

One has to discover a value for a mind free from likes and dislikes. All that is required is to prevent the likes and dislikes from causing any disturbance in the mind. Such poise in mind is called Yoga in the Gita.

ekam-sat.gifWe get upset with a situation when our likes and dislikes are pronounced. We also know of things we like but which we do not bother about if they are not fulfilled. In such cases the likes and dislikes have no sting and we are able to take things without being upset about them. The mind is quiet. Samatwam, equipoise, equanimity, to be with myself, is called Yoga. To take desirable and undesirable things as they come, with poise is Samtwam and that alone is called yoga as described in verse 48 of Chapter II.

“And live in action! Labour! Make thine acts Thy piety, casting all self aside, Contemning gain and merit, equable In good or evil: equability Is Yog, is piety!”

If you will simply go deeper into the nectarean ocean of

God consciousness, you will taste so much nectar that nothing of this world will be able to compete with it. This is confirmed in the following verse from the Bhagavad-gita:

 

“The embodied soul may be restricted from sense enjoyment, though the taste for sense objects remains. But, ceasing such engagements by experiencing a higher taste, he is fixed in consciousness.”–Bhagavad-gita 2.59

A mind in equipoise is able to appreciate the world as it is. Such an appreciation always brings joy. When we appreciate the sky, the sun, the stars, there is an objective appreciation because the mind does not project likes and dislikes upon them. We do not want them to be different from what they are and so appreciation of nature brings joy. A mind free from pronounced likes and dislikes can appreciate the entire creation in an objective manner and no object can disturb the poise of the mind. So a mind in poise is a happy mind that can discover and appreciate the absolute peace and happiness, that is the nature of the Self. A seeker has to discover the value for a mind in equipoise and pursue the means to attain it. When the value is recognized, one would attempt to acquire it by neutralizing the likes and dislikes. The means of attaining such a mind is karma yoga.

Taking flight is always about freeing ourselves from form, if only temporarily. When we literally fly, in a plane or on a hang glider, we free ourselves from the strength of gravity’s pull. As we open our minds and our hearts, we free ourselves from habitual patterns of thought and emotional blockages. As we remember our true nature, we free ourselves from identification with the temporary state of our physical forms. The more we stretch our wings, the clearer it becomes that taking flight is a state of grace that simply reminds us of who we really are.

By careful thoughtful analysis we can understand that this body is changing at every minute while I, the passenger within the body, remain the same. I was a little baby. I become a young boy, then a young man. Now I am middle aged and soon to be an old man. But all along through these many changes of body the “I” remains the same. Therefore it is not at all difficult to conclude that the self and the body are different from each other. They are not one and the same.

 

Even though our spiritual existence beyond the body is quite obvious, still we have developed a society based on economic development and sense gratification that constantly reinforces the false conception of “I am this body.” Why do we as a society do this? Because it sells. The general mass of people will consistently spend their money based on the principle of what gratifies their material senses. Therefore advertising plays off of this tendency. The companies that can most successfully exploit the lower pull towards bodily consciousness become the most successful. This creates a downward cycle, a whirlpool that constantly sucks the modern day society into deeper and darker ignorance.

We can become educated and free from the suffering position of bodily consciousness. And we can do the highest welfare work of sharing this liberating knowledge of the non-material nature of the self with as many people as possible. I am living in paradise at every minute, and this will continue getting increasingly sweeter and sweeter for all of eternity. And this in spite of an aging body that is gradually deteriorating and will sooner or later drop dead! I had always hoped for such a life. Sooner or later we all have to face the prospect of leaving our present material body behind. This experience is commonly known as death. For most people death is something which is very much feared. For the self-realized souls, however, it is the most exciting moment when one is granted the opportunity for promotion into the spiritual world, that place where birth, death, old age, and disease are conspicuous by their absence.

What determines whether we get promoted or whether we have to repeat the course by remaining within the cycle of birth and death? That depends on our consciousness at our final exam, the moment of death.If our thoughts are purely absorbed in thoughts of the Lord and His service, this is our way of solidly expressing our desire to be with Him in His eternal abode. In this state of consciousness upon leaving our present body we will definitely find ourselves waking up with the Lord and His eternal associates in the spiritual sky. If, however, our mind is holding onto material desires, the Lord will allow us to take birth again in this abode of birth and death for the fulfillment of those desires.

So where we go is definitely up to us. If we would like to attain the spiritual world, we can begin to prepare ourselves right now by spiritualizing all of our desires through the ancient science of bhakti yoga. Through the Bhakti yoga science our promotion into the spiritual world is guaranteed.

 

So why not seriously take up this path? You’ve got nothing to lose except for all of your anxieties. And you’ve got an eternal existence full of bliss and knowledge to gain.

 

Part IV - Karma Yoga I, by Mahendra Mathur

kyoga1.JPGWho is a Yogi?
“He who is able, while still here (in this world) to withstand, before the liberation from the body (death), the impulse born out of desire and anger, he is a YOGIN, he is a happy man.”
Verse 23 Ch V

“The blessed Lord said: He who performs his duty without depending on the fruits of his actions - he is a sannyasi and a yogi, not he who is without (ritual) fire and without activity. Do thou, Oh Arjuna, know yoga to be that which they call renunciation. No one verily becomes a yogi who has not renounced thoughts, scheming or planning.”
Verse 1 and 2, Ch VI


Likes and dislikes cannot be eliminated but they can be neutralized. Then the mind becomes relatively free from them. Lord Krishna says, “He is yogi who is able to keep under check the impulses of passion and anger (raga and dwesa).” For such a person, the rage and dwesa cannot obstruct the imbibing of knowledge. The means suggested for this is karma yoga, which is an outlook towards actions and their results.

Performance of actions in this outlook is seen as an offering to the Lord. The attitude toward the result of actions is called prasada buddhi or glad acceptance of the results as they come. What I achieve from an action is not important but the attitude with which I perform the action is important.

“Desire” is the avalanche of thoughts sweeping down from the pinnacles of our intellect, along the valleys of our heart, towards an object-of-desire in the outer world. When this avalanche of thought is barricaded on its sweep by a substantial obstacle before it reaches its destination, the blast with which it shatters itself on that obstacle is called “anger.” It is these two types of thoughts that generally agitate our bosom. The greater the desire with which we ponder over an object, the greater shall be the anger against any obstacle that comes between us and our object-of-desire.

This material nature is in a constant state of dualities. Sometimes the weather is very hot; sometimes it’s very cold. Sometimes we are honored; sometimes we are harshly criticized. Sometimes we are healthy; sometimes we fall ill. Sometimes we are young; sometimes we are old. Sometimes we are wealthy; sometimes we are impoverished. There is no steady position here. It is always a tottering situation, like a drop of water on a lotus leaf that can roll off at any time.

Any arrangement we may make for ourselves here is nothing more than a castle made of sand that will be eventually washed into the sea. Just like how there is great anxiety today that by the influence of global warming the present world order as we are currently accustomed to , will become greatly disrupted. There is also great anxiety about what will happen to the world when we run out of oil, or what will be the situation if terrorism continues to become more and more prominent.

kyoga2.jpgThere is no guarantee of what will happen here except for the fact that we will get sick, get old, and die. If this is the only thing we can really count on, it is no wonder that people drown themselves in sense enjoyment to try to block the anxiety out of their brains. But such enjoyment does not really solve anything. As soon as the sense enjoyment is over one has to face the anxiety again.

Is this what we are meant to experience? Is this the natural state for a living being? Or is this present day anxiety-filled existence a very unnatural situation like the present day polluted rivers and polluted air?

To one who has won over joy and grief, and who has gained a certain amount of detachment from external objects, desire for obtaining the pleasant or unpleasant is no emotion at all. Where there is no desire, hatred is an alien factor. He who has gained over these two impulses, powerful and almost irresistible as they are, is one who can afford to live in this world of multiplicity and imperfections as an independent solitary man of true and steady happiness.

Thus Krishna assures that man can live perfectly happily even while in this form, among these very objects, in this very world, during this very life, if only he in his spiritual evolution, learns to renounce his impulses of desire and hatred and thus becomes a Yogi.

Sanyasa is the stage reached through yoga, and the spiritual practice of yoga cannot even be thought of without the spirit of sanyasa in the bosom. The two are the obverse and the reverse of the same coin of spiritual perfection. Many people purchase costume jewelry, and only a few people purchase diamonds.

Man cannot ordinarily remain without imagining and constantly creating using his exuberant fancy. We fix goals to be fulfilled in the near future. By the time we mentally prepare ourselves and begin executing our ideas in life, our fancy would modify the goals. The subtle force which unconsciously creates this lunatic temperament in us is called Sankalpa sakti. That is why Krishna says none can ever reach any progress on the path of self-redemption without acquiring a capacity to renounce this self-poisoning Sankalpa-disturbance.
Karma Yoga:

What I achieve from an action is not important but the attitude with which I perform the action is important. This attitude is described by Lord Krishna in verse 46 of Chapter XVIII thus:
“Hear how a man findeth perfection, being so content:
He findeth it through worship – wrought by work –
Of HIM that is the Source of all which lives,
Of HIM by Whom the universe was stretched.”

When we live in the society, in the world, everyone is called upon to perform certain actions as obligatory duties. No one is an isolated or an independent entity. One owes to the rest of the world for what one is. The parents have given birth to my body and have nurtured and nourished it. The parents, teachers and many others have contributed to the wealth of knowledge and other skills I have acquired. The cosmic forces are also at work to provide me air, water, light and countless others needed to sustain my existence. I am obliged to all these factors in my life and I must respond by performing my duty. The sense of duty grows upon one and cannot be avoided. I bring up my children for the sake of bringing up and not for my sake. This is the attitude of duty. My function is to make my children understand their duty. Accomplishment is not important – doing is important – there is no expectation of any benefit from the action. I find myself in a situation so the task has to be done. And it is done. This is called archana or worship to the Lord. Action performed with a sense of duty, arising out of the appreciation of the situation, becomes archana.

When I perform an action as an expression of gratitude for all I have gained, then every action becomes an offering to the Lord. Work is performed for the joy of work and not because something is to be gained from it. I am not in the fancies or likes or dislikes. Duty is that which must be done whether or not it is in agreement with my likes and dislikes. If like and duty coincide, the action becomes spontaneous. If  like does not coincide with duty, the action becomes deliberate – this is karma yoga with respect to action. It is an impulsive person who is in the hands of likes and dislikes and is therefore full of conflicts. A deliberate person who does what should be done, releases the mind from likes and dislikes in due course of time. The sense of duty grows upon the person and the duties are performed as naturally as breathing and eating. The mind of such a person is a fit instrument to appreciate the teaching.
Acceptance of Results of Actions:

The Lord makes it clear that action can never be given up entirely.  “Not even for a moment does anyone remain without performing action.  Not even your stay in the physical body can be accomplished without action.”

To be a renouncer is to be contemplative; it is not to stop all activities and be lazy.  “Let right deeds be thy motive, not the fruits which come from them. And live in action!  Labour!” The relationship between an action and its results is governed by the laws of nature, which we can attempt to understand but never change.  The author of these laws is the one we call God or, in Sanskrit Isvar.  It is by His laws that I get a particular result, not by my choice.

Expectations of results, which is natural, is not a problem; the problem lies in our reaction to the results when they come. Perform action expecting results; act so that you can achieve what you desire; plan and execute your work; but if the result is totally contrary to your expectations in spite of all your wishing and willing, don’t react and call yourself a failure. Laws are only instruments of the Lord who gives you the result of action.  When you understand this fact, you develop a special attitude: you appreciate that the result of every action comes from the Lord.

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Part V - Karma Yoga II, by Mahendra Mathur

hindu-rashtra-krishna-2.JPGThe Law of Action
Lord Krishna states the general rule about the nature of action and its result in the famous verse 47 of Chapter II:
“But thou, want not! Ask not! Find full reward
Of doing right in right! Let right deeds be
Thy motive, not the fruit which comes from them.”
 

With discriminative intellect, you can choose, plan and perform an action with a view to obtaining a desired result, but you have no choice in determining the result of the action. Innumerable factors go into determining the result and we do not have the knowledge of all of them. An archer can release an arrow at his target based on his judgment but he cannot be certain whether the arrow will definitely hit the target. Once the arrow is released, its flight is governed by the laws of nature and factors such as wind and velocity. The archer can estimate these factors but cannot control them.

Everyone can make an error of judgment and so one day or the other, everyone is likely to make a mistake. But we should understand that we have freedom or adhikara in karma alone and that whatever result comes, is in accordance with the laws governing the action. It is Ishwara who is the author of the creation and its laws. So there is no such thing as success or failure; there is merely the action and its result. This attitude of taking the result as it is, that is, maintaining equanimity of the mind both in success and failure, is called yoga.
 
The Prasada Buddhi
For a devotee, the entire life is based on the fact that every result comes from God. The Lord is impartial and so only the right result comes to everyone. This understanding brings about an attitude towards the result as prasada. Prasada comes from Lord and it carries His grace and therefore it will bless whoever partakes of it with reverence and gratitude. Success is prasada and I don’t jump to the ceiling. Failure is also prasada and so I don’t sink to the bottom. The result is sanctified because it comes from the Lord and so there is a happy acceptance of every result. The attitude of accepting result as prasada leads to the elimination of all sorrow.
“And out of that tranquility (Prasad) shall rise
The end and healing of his earthly pains,
Since the will governed sets the soul at peace.”
        II-65

With the attitude of Prasad budddhi or karma yoga with respect to the result, an action which is born of likes and dislikes becomes the means of eliminating the very likes and dislikes. The mind free from reactions to success and failure is free from the agitations of elation and depression. Such a mind is tranquil. It is a contemplative mind. It can evaluate the results and learn.

An action performed by an alert mind becomes beautiful. A tranquil, alert, fresh, attentive mind is the mind that learns. When the result of the action loses the capacity to create any reactions and agitations in the mind, all the likes and dislikes are rendered ineffective like roasted seeds which cannot sprout. One of the values that the Lord gives in the Gita is to always maintain equanimity of the mind while meeting the desirable and the undesirable.

Action is recommended for everyone who entertains desires in the mind. We do not know all the varieties of likes and dislikes hidden in the mind; action is the only way for them to express themselves. They express as action every time and get neutralized. In course of time the mind becomes relatively quiet, freed from the hold of likes and dislikes. Such a mind discovers freedom.

Renunciation of Action
An ignorant person, not knowing the Self as non-doer, gives up action due to delusion, thinking that he or she will be an accomplished person merely by becoming a karmasanyasi. But the one who has the notion of doership due to identification with the body, cannot totally give up action as Krishna says in Verse 11 of Chapter XVIII:
“For, being in the body, none may stand
Wholly aloof from the act; yet, who abstains
From profit of his acts is abstinent.”

karma-yog-1.jpg
So the contention is between Karma Yoga and Sannyasa taken by will. Should I perform actions expected of me or should I give them up and pursue the knowledge? As long as there is conflict, one should continue to work. A field of activity must be there where one can perform action and neutralize likes and dislikes.

When likes and dislikes are largely neutralized, the mind is no more troubled by the desire of acquiring happiness and security because it is itself cheerful and tranquil. At this stage one is ready to renounce action. Action should be renounced only when it is no more necessary to perform them. Sannyasa should not be taken by will, but should be a natural outcome and an indication of a mature mind that is content with itself and is not demanding or dependent upon other things or beings for its happiness. Sannyasa of action indicates that the seeker is ready to pursue the knowledge of the Self to the exclusion of all other involvements.

Author Susan Power ended her story ‘Snakes’ thus: ‘I prefer to watch the present unravel moment by moment, than to look close behind me or far ahead. Time extends for me, flowing in many directions, meeting the horizon and then beyond to follow the curve of the earth. But I will not track this course with my eyes. It is too painful. I can bear witness to only a single moment of loss at a time. Still, hope flutters in my heart; a delicate pulse. I straddle the world and to pray that somewhere ahead of me He has planted an instant of joy’. If only she knew that all instants ahead of her were planted with joy – she just has to connect with her Self!

The mind is the instrument for feeling different material experiences, and intelligence is the deliberative instrument which ponders the pros and cons of a thing and can change everything for the better. Now you must use your intelligence to fully understand what this sublime science of cosmic consciousness is. If you do so, you will find it to be strikingly wonderful.

Human beings are tied to the earth, but are not wholly of the earth. We are each of us, for the time being, poised between the soil underneath our feet and the never-ending ethereal spaces around us. The unease we occasionally feel in our earthly bodies is merely a by-product of our innate understanding of our dual natures. But the time we spend in our physical bodies will not last and should thus be cherished. For one day, when our evolution is complete, we will return to the source of life to become beings of light once more.

Even the smallest taste of success can awaken a fresh surge of desire within us because it is via the triumphs of old that we learn to believe in our ability to find fulfillment in the future. While we can cultivate feelings of capability within ourselves without ever having felt truly triumphant, the projects we tackle successfully provide us with proof that we are ready to embark upon a new phase of personal or professional growth. When we stumble along the path leading toward our larger goals, we can draw upon the satisfaction we felt in the past upon accomplishing our aims to sustain our spirits in the present. Our chances of realizing our dreams are likewise bolstered by our confidence, ensuring that we never entertain failure as a possibility.
karma-yog-2.jpg

All motive and action affects the cosmos in some way. The principle of cause and effect is the truth that allows us to change ourselves and the world around us for the better. However, this same universal law is

also at work when change is not at the forefront of our minds. Our intentions flow forever outward in the form of energy, affecting both the people closest to us and billions of individuals we will likely never meet. For this reason, we should strive always to speak, think, and behave with great thoughtfulness and compassion. The virtues we choose to embody can inspire joy and integrity in the lives of countless people, whether we touch their existence directly or not.

The influence we wield is infinite. In an effort to internalize our conscious understanding of the nature of cause and effect, we can never truly know how our thoughts, emotions, words, or actions will manifest themselves on the larger universal stage because it is likely that the furthest-reaching effects will fall outside the range of our perception. We can only look to the guidance of our conscience, which will help us determine whether each of our choices is contributing to humanity’s illumination or setting the stage for unintended troubles. When we are in doubt, we need only remember that the cultivation of altruism inevitably leads to a harvest of goodwill and grace. Motivated by a sincere desire to spread goodness, we will be naturally drawn to those choices that will help us express our commitment to universal well-being.

Nothing you do, however minor or mundane, is ever exempt from the rules of cause and effect. From the moment of your birth, you have served as an agent of change, setting forces beyond your comprehension into motion across the surface of the earth and beyond. You can exert conscious control over this transformative energy simply by examining your intentions and endeavoring always to promote peace, positive energy, and passion in your ideas and actions. While you may never fully comprehend the extent of your purposefully heartfelt influence, you can rest assured that it will be universally felt.

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Pat VI - The Bhagavad Gita: Distraction, by Mahendra Mathur

kyoga1.JPGChanchalam hi manah krsna
pramaathi balavaddrdham
tasyaaham nigraham manye
vaayoriva sudushkaram.

The heart of men is unfixed, Krishna,
rash, tumultuous,willful and strong.
It were all one, I think,
To hold the wayward wind, as tame man’s heart.                       Verse 34 Ch VI

The obstacles
Three obstacles which deny me what I want to be are ignorance, impurity and distraction. To remove ignorance I carry out vichara, enquiry into the nature of the self, the world and the creator of the world, with the help of scriptures. When one sees how deeply entrenched  in ignorance the modern day civilization is, one can easily conclude that it would be impossible for the world to be saved from such deep, deep ignorance.  But possibility or impossibility is not an issue. A God-conscious devotee removes his ignorance by hearing about the transcendental holy name of Lord Vishnu, chanting the holy name, remembering Him, offering the Lord respectful worship, offering prayers to the Lord, considering the Lord one’s best friend, and surrendering everything unto Him (in other words, serving Him with the body, mind and words).
–Srimad Bhagavatam 7.5.23

A devotee is detached from the results of his activities, but he still tries his level best to bring about the enlightenment of the suffering souls of this world and leaves the results up to Krishna.  This is possible only when the mind enjoys purity, for achieving which, the means is karma yoga. Now we come to the third factor, distraction or lack of steadiness of the mind.

Mind is not a problem
The mind changes quickly and completely, without leaving even a trace of the previous cognition. This allows the perception of an object as it is. So, the fact that mind changes is a blessing. Thinking is not a problem nor is inquiry nor discovery. Memory is not a problem either – in fact poor memory is a problem. Thus, a changing mind, perceptions, thoughts, memories - none of these is a problem for the human being. What causes problem is the incapacity of the mind to abide in itself when you want it to do so.

Mechanicalness is the problem
The problem arises when the mind seems to have its own ways over which the individual has no mastery. In a conversation with a friend topics change not because of your will but because the wheel of conversation turned by itself – just as in driving you steer unconsciously on different routes. This is true of all our activities in life – we allow things to happen only by accident and not by deliberate control. 

A distracted mind is not efficient. Even for worldly achievements such as gaining wealth or fame or power, one needs a mind relatively free from distractions, capable of consistently working toward the chosen goal. A distracted mind is the biggest problem in meditation. Though one begins alright, the mind moves to other topics in spite of one’s will. Man does not have  mastery over the ways of his mind.

The power of habit is supreme in the life of man. Most people go through life mentally making good resolutions, but without ever succeeding in following what is wholesome. We usually do not do what we wish to do but do only what we are accustomed to do. That is why materially minded persons find it difficult to be spiritually minded even when they try hard. Unwanted habits are temporary misery making grafts on the soul. They must be thrown out. It is wonderful to do what is right habitually, and thus multiply goodness and happiness.
 
Silence is the Nature
Silence is the innate nature of the mind which enjoys the capacity to think. You must do something to be restless, to be sad; you must think of a topic or a thing or a being that causes restlessness, and build upon it. Silence is a state of mind when you have nothing to think about. Sorrow or sadness is something one has to work upon. However agitated one is, one does become silent now and then because silence is the nature of the mind. No matter how many cords are around your feet, remember this: the minute you know in your heart that the happiness which is found in the temple of silence is most tempting, then you will be free. You must have that joy, and then you are already released. That can come only through your determination.

Distraction
It is the indisciplined ways of thinking, the mind going from one thing to another that is the problem. This is distraction. There is no distraction without being mechanical. I want to think of one thing and the mind engages in something else and I go along with the latter. The mind goes away without my consent. It is as though the mind hypnotizes me, puts me to sleep and walks away. It is only when, in the course of its own meandering paths, the mind comes back by itself to the object of meditation, that I become awake. I realize that I was lost.

When the mind goes away, I also go along with it. So a meditator is told to bring back the mind. But it is easier said than done. When the mind wanders, I am not there to catch it and bring it back. The meditation becomes a tiresome thing. So we have to take some steps to see that slowly we gain mastery over the mind.

Mechanicalness is a reaction
Any form of reaction is mechanical, not deliberate. Action is deliberate; reaction is not. If you deliberately hit someone for what the person did, it is an action, although it may not be right. But if you hit that person without deliberation, you have no control over that action and it amounts to a reaction. If you act deliberately, you can have a choice and can change the course of action if necessary. 

kyoga2.jpgAll the actions should be blessed by reasoning or the faculty of choice. Your action can be unreasonable but then you can learn. We do not change in spite of experiences in life because we mostly react and fail to act. If I go on reacting in my life out of jealousy or anger, I become automation, a robot that is set on certain reactions. I become an unpredictable creature because there is no reason behind my impulses.

Partiality to one’s own self
No matter what the facts are, we tend to twist them to put ourselves in the right. Though we love to forgive ourselves, we find it difficult to forgive others. It is customary for most minds to magnify the fault of others, whereas they minimize or resolve to nothingness their own errors. If your feelings are hurt easily, you should not indulge in hurting the feelings of others. If you want to be justly treated, learn to treat others right. The following story from Vishnupurana illustrates that individual separateness is an illusion, and that all life is one:

After a thousand years came Ribhu
To Nidagha’s city, to impart further knowledge to him,
He saw him outside the city
Just as the king was about to enter with a great train of servants,
Standing apart and holding himself apart from the crowd
His neck wizened with fasting, returning from the wood with fuel and grass.
When Ribhu saw him, he went to him and greeted him and said:
“O Brahaman, why standest thou here alone?”

Nidagha said: “Behold the crowd pressing about the King,
Who is just entering the city? That is why stand alone.”
Ribhu said: “which of these is the King?
And who are the others?
Tell me that, for thou seemest informed.”
Nidhaga said: “He who rides upon the fiery elephant, towering like a mountain peak,
That is the King. The others are his attendants.”

Ribhu said: “These two, the King and the elephant, are pointed out by you
Without being separated by mark of distinction;
Give me the mark of distinction between them.
I would know which is the elephant and which the King.”
Nidhaga said: “The elephant is below; the King is above him,
Who does not the relationship of borne to the bearer?”
Ribhu said: “that I may know, teach me.
What is that which is indicated by the word ‘below’ and what is ‘above’?”
Straight Nidhaga sprang upon the Guru, and said to him:
“Here now, I will tell thee what thou demandest of me:
I am above, like the King. You are below, like the elephant.
For thy instruction I give thee this example.”

Ribhu said: “If you are in the position of the King, and I in that of an elephant,
So tell me this still: Which of us is you, and which is I?”
Then swiftly Nidagha, falling down before him, clasped his feet and spake:
“Truly thou art Ribhu, my Master………….
By this I know that thou, my Guru, art come.”
Ribhu said: “Yes, to give thee teaching,
Because of thy former willingness to serve me,
I Ribhu by name am come to thee.
And what I have just taught thee in short –
Heart of highest truth – that is complete non-duality.”
When he had thus spoken to Nidagha, the Guru Ribhu departed thence.
But forthwith Nidagha, taught by this symbolic teaching, turned his mind completely to non-duality.”
All beings from thenceforth he saw not distinct from himself.
And so he saw Brahman. And thus he achieved the highest salvation.

Auto-suggestion
So distraction is born out of one’s incapacity to control the happenings of the mind. Generally we react and react again over the reactions and thus create a chain of reactions. Suppose you take a vow of not being angry today – it is an auto-suggestion – it can work if you are convinced that anger is an enemy which should be avoided. Before anger shows its ugly face, you can see it coming and you are ready to receive it. You can receive anger with a smiling face. Use your creative thinking ability to gain success in every worthwhile project you undertake. Help yourself, that you may bring into proper use all your God-given powers. Make mental blueprints of little things, and keep on making them materialize until you can make your big dreams also come true. Try and remember that no matter what life places at your feet, there is absolutely no situation that cannot be resolved with time, love, and friendship. 

Alertness, a Sadhana
One should become alert or conscious to avoid anger. Just as all of legs of a chair get pulled when we pull one leg, many things get tackled when you tackle one thing, because all reactions are born of mechanicalness. This process is called sadhana. Everyone is a combination of materialistic, spiritual, business and family values. Every thing is profound and in as much as every thing is mithya, unreal, it is all profane. A spiritual person is  one who tries to solve the problems deliberately unlike a restless mind which does not know what is happening. If we take note of the various reactions that happen in a day, the day-to-day life becomes conscious.

It is alertness that is important and not merely observing a rule. Lord Krishna says in verse 17 Chapter 6: yuktaahara vihaarasya, yuktacheshtasya karmasu, yukta svapnaavabodhasya, yogah bhavati duhkhahaa. “The one who is conscious in eating and recreation, the one who is moderate in activity and in remaining awake, for that one the yoga removes pain.” Sadhana becomes meaningful only when alertness is maintained in all activities; neither overdoing nor not-doing would help.

Part VII - Bhagavad Gita: Meditation, by Mahendra Mathur

karma-yog-1.jpgIntroduction
The Bhagavad-gita is the highest knowledge, the highest, most direct and clear knowledge ever revealed in the vast history of eternity. If you study it carefully and seriously apply its principles, you will become one of the happiest, most spiritually perfect beings that have ever existed. It doesn’t matter who you are, where you live, what your gender or age is, or what your occupation is. If you take it seriously, your success is guaranteed no matter how disqualified you consider yourself to be.

The spirit-soul is present in the living body, while it is absent in the dead body. So what is actually attractive and meaningful is the spirit-soul, not the material body. Yet, inspite of this simple, easily understood point, we invest practically our entire life’s energy in catering to the demands of the material body, which is a mere covering of the actual self. And we complete ignore the needs of the eternal soul.

Such a misspent life is utter foolishness. It leads to frustration and ultimately devastation at the time of death when everything is ripped away from us. The best thing is to mentally detach ourselves now by understanding and realizing, “I am not this body.” Understanding means to grasp the philosophical concept, and realization means to fully imbibe that understanding in our every thought, word, and deed. In other words, to always think, speak and act on the platform of being a spirit-soul, rather than a material body. One way of doing it is through Meditation.

The Posture
Meditation becomes easier when the mind is relatively free from likes and dislikes as a result of a life of Karma yoga and free from distraction as a result of an alert life. The Gita indicates the seat and posture for meditation in verses 11 to 13 of Chapter VI thus:
Sequestered should he sit,
Steadfastly meditating, solitary,
His thoughts controlled, his passions laid away,
Quit of belongings. In a fair, still spot
Having his fixed abode, - not too much raised,
Not yet too low, - let him abide, his goods
A cloth, a deerskin, and the Kusa-grass.
There, setting hard his mind upon The One,
Restraining heart and senses, silent, calm,
Let him accomplish Yoga, and achieve
Pureness of soul, holding immovable
Body and neck and head, his gaze absorbed
Upon his nose-end rapt from all around,
Tranquil in spirit, free of fear, intent
Upon his Brahmacharya vow, Devout,
Musing on Me, lost in the thought of me.

Invoking the Lord and Mental Worship
After sitting for meditation, place the hands in the lap, lock the fingers, relax the body, close the eyes and turn the mind away from sense objects. The mind is withdrawn from external engagements and is available for whatever you want to do. With the quiet tranquil mind, invoke the Lord; appreciate the One from whom everything has come, by Whom everything is sustained and unto Whom everything goes back. Everything is an expression of the Lord because He is the efficient and material cause of the whole creation.

Om is one of the most chanted sound symbols in India. It has a profound effect on the body and mind of the one who chants, and also on the surroundings. Most mantras and Vedic prayers start with Om. All auspicious actions begin with Om. It is even used as a greeting – Om, Hari Om etc. It can be repeated as a mantra or meditated upon. Its form is worshipped, contemplated upon or used as an auspicious sign. The written form symbolizes Lord Ganesh. The upper curve is the head; the lower larger one, the stomach; the side one, the trunk; and the semi-circular mark with the dot, the Laddu in Lord Ganesh’s hand.

By invoking the Lord, the proud ego surrenders. What remains is a humble ego which is worshipping, prayerful, devoted. And what is an ego that is not asserting? So the pride is taken care of.

The next step is to offer mental worship. Set the mind to the chosen deity or the altar. Offer the mental worship. Create an altar of the Lord in the mind. Conduct Arti and do obeisance.

Japa, repetition of a Mantra
Now we come to Japa or repetition of a mantra. Due to distraction, the mind moves from one object to another by association. But there is a stage between any two thoughts when there is no tangible thought. Now I am thought, now silence. In order to avoid this mechanicalness, I do something special: repetition of the name of the Lord. In Japa one repeats the same mantra again and again, not mechanically but consciously. Thus you avoid the possibility of a build-up, association and development of thought patterns. By being aware of the silence between two successive chants, you avoid being mechanical and you will find that the mind abides naturally in the silence. If you own up the silence between two chants constantly, in course of time you will find that the chants become sandwiched between the silence which is the first and the last. And there is silence when I do not think. This is the natural silence and the silence continues. If a thought arises you can bring back the mantra. Japa itself becomes meditation.

Swami Shivanand used to say that Japa is the sovereign remedy for all worldly ills and the best means of God-Realization. The story of Valmiki, the author of the Ramayana, reflects this. Before he became a saint he was a thief. One day he held up some holy men and demanded everything they owned. They calmly told him, ‘Our greatest wealth is the name of Rama. Please steal it from us’. Valmiki was so perplexed that he could not remember the sacred name correctly and instead repeated the name backwards and recited ‘mara.’ Still he attained and spread his realization through the amazing epic of Lord Rama.   

Be Mahadev
Objectify the body.  See it as a stone statue. Let us become the “Mahadev” wherever we are - always prepared to quietly and peacefully hold the poison in our throats (neither letting it harm us nor harm anyone else) for the benefit of humanity.
If one wants to advance in spiritual knowledge, he must develop the quality of forgiveness because without this quality one’s mind can never become sufficiently peaceful to be fully absorbed in chanting the holy names of the Lord.  Therefore, one should excuse the offenses of others; he should not hold grudges against others within his heart.

Let the mind abide in the truth that you have discovered.  You know that you are all joy,
There is no need for you to think.  Simply appreciated yourself as formless, shapeless, peaceful awareness that is all silence.  Immediately there is a release.  When you think of silence, you cannot but be silence.  This is the meditation that Krishna teaches Arjuna.

And due to the name of the Lord and the attitude of devotion and surrender associated with it, the ego is destroyed.

Some rules for Meditation
Through repeated meditation practiced regularly, the practitioner no longer feels his self and the world at large as separate from God. When Knower, Knowledge and Object of Knowledge become the same as Brahman, he becomes thoroughly accomplished. The meditator then retains that state of bliss for all times. Whether moving or seated, or engaged in performance of his duties, there is not the slightest deviation from his spiritual state. As the lord said in Verse 31 of Chapter VI
And who thus discerneth Me in all, and all in Me,
I will never let him go, nor loosen his
Hold upon Me; but dwell where he may,
Whate’er his life, in Me he dwells and lives,
Because he knows and worships Me, Who dwell
In all which lives, and cleaves to Me in all.

Awakening of this knowledge to the total exclusion of all unsteadiness of the mind means ‘absorbing of the mind in the intellect’. And when there remains consciousness of the Form of only one God, the Supreme Brahman, who is knowledge itself, the state is known as the ‘absorption of the intellect in cosmic intellect.’ And finally when one reaches the state when God alone, who is consciousness, embodiment of Existence, Knowledge and Bliss, remains – one has absorbed the cosmic intellect in God. This is Samadhi, the last state of realization.

Reflecting at God’s omnipresence, the mind should be fixed on the ascertained Divine Form. Thereafter, wherever the mind goes it sees only God. This practice quickly removes the unsteadiness of the mind.

Conclusion
By karma yoga I destroy the impurities and by worship and japa, I destroy the distraction and restlessness of the mind. My enquiry continues with the study of scriptures and so the ignorance also gets eliminated. Through continued meditation on God, the embodiment of Existence, Knowledge, and Bliss, my heart grows purer and spotless. Realizing for all time the true and infinite happiness, I become satisfied and content. All my sorrows cease. The attainment of this state is the ultimate goal of human existence.

 In 1998, Dr. James Austin, a neurologist, wrote the book, Zen and the Brain: towards an Understanding of Meditation and Consciousness. Several mindful researchers cite his book as a reason they became interested in the field. Austin examines consciousness by intertwining his personal experiences with Zen meditation and explanations backed up by hard science. When he describes how meditation can “sculpt” the brain, he means it literally and figuratively.

People who meditate say it induces emotional balance and overall well being. In recent years, a group of neuroscientists have begun investigating the practice, dubbed “mindfulness”. In United States, they are exploring the hypothesis that meditation can actually change the way the brain works. Dr. Stephen Lindsey, head of rheumatology at Ochsner Health Systems in Baton Rouge, La. says, “When you’re meditating, you’re trying to relax your body and get rid of the tension.”

But that apart, we should cultivate the firm conviction that the supreme duty of a man’s life is only to realize God, the embodiment of Existence, Knowledge and Bliss. Renouncing wholly the transient, perishable and artificial enjoyments of the world, we should speedily devote ourselves, with energy and determination, to the practice leading to the state of realization of true happiness.

9 Responses to “Bhagavad Gita: Meditation, by Mahendra Mathur”

  • Navin K Yadav UNITED STATES
    April 2nd, 2008 20:05
    1

    I read this explanation and its good. But I suggest please read or listen Geeta explained by Swami Adgagdanand Jee at http://www.yatharthgeeta.com/
    and see what He explain about Meditation. We need to meditate on a live Sadguru which has acheived realization and His swaroop will help sadhak to acheive this. No one has ever got realization without any Guru in history. In Geeta Krishna himself was SAdguru for Arjuna and that is the reason he was asking Arjuna to meditate him. So Geeta was a conversation between Guru and disciple.
    I am not supporter of any one but I read yatharth geeta and find really great. It has disclose lots of inner secret of Krishana. This book got Word pride award from all Sakaracharya and World religous parliament.

  • Navin K Yadav UNITED STATES
    April 2nd, 2008 20:05
    2

    I read this explanation and its good. But I suggest please read or listen Geeta explained by Swami Adgagdanand Jee at http://www.yatharthgeeta.com/
    and see what He explain about Meditation. We need to meditate on a live Sadguru which has acheived realization and His swaroop will help sadhak to acheive this. No one has ever got realization without any Guru in history. In Geeta Krishna himself was SAdguru for Arjuna and that is the reason he was asking Arjuna to meditate him. So Geeta was a conversation between Guru and disciple.
    I am not supporter of any one but I read yatharth geeta and find really great. It has disclose lots of inner secret of Krishana. This book got Word pride award from all Sakaracharya and World religous parliament.

  • Mahendra Mathur TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO
    April 4th, 2008 20:27
    3

    I agree that a Guru is needed for Self-realization, that the Geeta is conversation between Guru and disciple and the Yatharth Geeta you read is really great. Also, one can accept Lord Shiva ( or any incarnation of the Supreme Reality) as Guru, meditate, perform right acions and acquire right knowledge to realize the Self. One should always keep feasting oneself on the wealth of spiritual knowledge with which Hinduism is endowed.

  • gangadin UNITED KINGDOM
    May 17th, 2008 13:26
    4

    well written.

  • Ratnesh Singh INDIA
    July 18th, 2008 07:46
    5

    Main apni Bimari se bahut Pareshan hun. Meri Bimaari ko 39 saal ho gaye hain. Lekin abhi tak main theek nahi ho paya. har tarah ki Dava Har tarah ki Dukar li Abh aap hi kuchh batayen.Main theek hounga ya nahi. Please give me Answer.

  • Mahendra Mathur TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO
    July 25th, 2008 01:46
    6

    Ratneshji,
    Sub ke badan ko koi na koi bimari hoti hai aur sub ek din mitti ban jayenge. Ic jeevan ko ab aap apni atma ko pachaan lein to badan ka kasht halka ho jayega. Pehle japa kariye phir dhyan. Bhagwan apko avashya shanti aur sukh daiyenge. Aap ko hi pahchanana hai ki aap abhi bhi theek hain.

  • Meditation Bliss UNITED KINGDOM
    April 28th, 2009 14:01
    7

    I Really Love Reading Your Blog. Excellent. Keep up the great work!

  • Mahendra Mathur TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO
    April 29th, 2009 18:58
    8

    Thanks. Should you wish to read more of my writing you can go to
    mahendramathur.synthasite.com

  • william smith INDIA
    January 12th, 2010 10:45
    9

    Yoga is a way of life, a conscious act, not a set or series of learning principles. The dexterity, grace, and poise you cultivate, as a matter of course, is the natural outcome of regular practice. You require no major effort. In fact trying hard will turn your practices into a humdrum, painful, even injurious routine and will eventually slow down your progress. Subsequently, and interestingly, the therapeutic effect of Yoga is the direct result of involving the mind totally in inspiring (breathing) the body to awaken. Yoga is probably the only form of physical activity that massages each and every one of the body’s glands and organs. This includes the prostate, a gland that seldom, if ever, gets externally stimulated in one’s whole life.
    http://www.coomararunodaya.com

Leave a Reply


Part VIII -

Bhagavad Gita: Maya, by Mahendra Mathur

maya.jpgHard it is
To pierce that veil divine of various shows
Which hideth Me; yet they who worship Me
Pierce it and pass beyond.                        
Verse 14 Ch VII

Maya and Illusion
The word Maya is generally used to denote the divine veil. But the theory of Maya forms one of the pillars of the Gita. It means it has no absolute existence. It exists only in relation to my mind, to your mind and to the mind of everyone else. With every breath, every impulse of our heart asks us to be selfish. At the same time, there is some power beyond us which says that it is unselfishness alone which is good.

Then there is the tremendous fact of death. All our progress, our vanities, our reforms, our luxuries, our wealth, our knowledge, has that one end – death. Cities come and go, empires rise and fall, and planets break into pieces and crumble into dust. Thus it has been going on from time without beginning. Saints die and sinners die. They are all going to death, and yet this tenacious clinging on to life exists. Somehow, we do not know why, we cling to life; we cannot give it up. No wonder when a voice had asked Yudhishtir:  ‘Of the entire world’s wonders, which is the most wonderful?’ the celebrated reply was: ‘that no man, though he sees others dying all around him, believes that he himself will die’. This is Maya.

Since the actual self, the soul, is indestructible, why have we built an entire civilization around the temporary material body? This is called ignorance. And because we have ignorantly constructed an entire world civilization, therefore no one is happy here. Everyone is in anxiety. The rich are in anxiety. The poor are in anxiety. The middle class is in anxiety. Everyone is bewildered because they are basing their happiness on the satisfaction of the perishable material body. This is Maya.

Animals live upon plants, men upon animals and worst of all, upon one another, the strong upon weak. This is going on everywhere. This is Maya.

We who are progressing know that the more we progress, the more avenues are opened to pain as well pleasure. And this is Maya which is everywhere. It is terrible. Yet, we have to work through it.

Those who devote themselves to God alone shall cross over their subjective delusion, which has created for man the objective worlds of sorrow and imperfections. With single-pointed mind, to contemplate upon the Self is the direct path; and in order to walk this narrow-way, the mind is to be made steady and concentrated, through Karma Yoga.

Maya as shown by Krishna
A legend tells how once Narada said to Krishna, “Lord show me Maya.” After a few days Krishna asked Narada to make a trip with him towards a desert. After walking several miles Krishna asked Narada to fetch some drinking water. Narada entered a nearby village and knocked at a door which was opened by an extremely beautiful young girl. At the sight of her Narada forgot everything and began talking with the girl. That talk ripened into love; he asked the girl’s father for the daughter; they were married, lived there and had three children. After twelve years his father-in-law died and Narada inherited his property. He lived, as he seemed to think, a very happy life with his wife and children, his fields and his cattle, and so forth.

Then came a flood. One night the river

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