GREAT GURUS IV - KABIR
By Mahendra Mathur, on 26-07-2009 22:52 |
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Published in : Mahendra Mathur, Column - Mahendra Mathur |
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Kabir – The Universal Guru |
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More than six hundred years ago Kabir was born in India in 1398 AD. He lived for 120 years and is said to have relinquished his body in 1518. This period is also said to be the beginning of Bhakti Movement in India.
A weaver by profession, Kabir ranks among the world's greatest poets. Back home in India, he is perhaps the most quoted author. The Holy Guru Granth Sahib contains over 500 verses by Kabir. The Sikh community in particular and others, who follow the Holy Granth, hold Kabir in the same reverence as the other ten Gurus.
Kabir openly criticized all sects and gave a new direction to the Indian philosophy. This is due to his straight forward approach that has a universal appeal. It is for this reason that Kabir is held in high esteem all over the world. To call Kabir a universal Guru is not an over exaggeration.
His birth and death are surrounded by legends. He grew up in a Muslim weaver family, but some say he was really son of a Brahmin widow who was adopted by a childless couple. When he died, his Hindu and Muslim followers started fighting about the last rites. The legend is that when they lifted the cloth covering his body, they found flowers instead. The Muslim followers buried their half and the Hindu cremated their half. In Maghar, his tomb and Samadhi still stand side by side.
The basic religious principles he espouses are simple. According to Kabir, all life is interplay of two spiritual principles. One is the personal soul (Jivatma) and the other is God (Paramatma). It is Kabir's view that salvation is the process of bringing into union these two divine principles.
The social and practical manifestation of Kabir's philosophy has rung through the ages. It represented a synthesis of Hindu and Muslim concepts. From Hinduism he accepts the concept of reincarnation and the law of Karma. From Islam he takes the affirmation of the single god and the rejection of caste system and idolatry.
Garden of Paradise
The poem that follows, translated by Rabindra Nath Tagore, is very relevant today when people are seeking the Garden of Paradise through martyrdom:
Do not go to the garden of flowers!
O friend! Go not there;
in your body is the garden of flowers.
Take your seat on the thousand petals of the
lotus, and there gaze on the infinite beauty.
May be Kabir was saying that inducement of a garden might lead a seeker astray if he follows the following verses of Koran's Surah 3, al Imran: 14. Beautified for men is the love of things they covet; women, children, much of gold and silver (wealth), branded beautiful horses, cattle and well-tilled land. This is the pleasure of the present world's life; but Allâh has the excellent return (Paradise with flowing rivers, etc.) with Him. 15. Say: "Shall I inform you of things far better than those? For Al-Muttaqûn (the pious) there are Gardens (Paradise) with their Lord, underneath which rivers flow. Therein (is their) eternal (home) and Azwâjun Mutahharatun (purified mates or wives) [i.e. they will have no menses, urine, or stool, etc.], And Allâh will be pleased with them. And Allâh is All-Seer of the (His) slaves".
Disbelievers
The Doha of Kabir, which follows, deals with an easy mistake:
I searched for the crooked, met not a single one
When searched myself, "I" found the crooked one
It has been invariably noticed that we tend to find fault with others. Non-awareness of our own self is the cause of this attitude. Resultantly, we find ourselves being busy in criticizing and condemning others and conveniently term them as crooked or evil. So Kabir says that instead of finding fault and maligning others, dive deep into your own-self. Amazingly, an honest introspection will reveal that all fault lies with "me" and "my" own perceptions and attitudes. If there is any evil or crookedness, it is in "me". Correcting this and opting for a loving and compassionate attitude will change one's perceptions and the world will appear wonderful. Of course, compared with this poem the following verse of Surah 2 is rather extreme:
191. And kill them wherever you find them, and turn them out from where they have turned you out. And Al-Fitnah is worse than killing. And fight not with them at Al-Masjid-al-Harâm (the sanctuary at Makkah), unless they (first) fight you there. But if they attack you, then kill them. Such is the recompense of the disbelievers.
One can only speculate if at the end of 13th Century if instead of Timurlung, Kabir had gone to Kashmir wouldn't that region had been peaceful now rather than be subjected to constant violence and agitations.
Love and Joy
Love is throughout his poems "absolute sole Lord ": the unique source of the more abundant life which he enjoys, and the common factor which unites the finite and infinite worlds. All is soaked in love: that love which he described as the "Form of God." The whole of creation is the Play of the Eternal Lover; the living, changing, growing expression of Brahma's love and joy. As these twin passions preside over the generation of human life, so "beyond the mists of pleasure and pain," Kabir finds them governing the creative acts of God.
I PLAYED day and night with my comrades, and now I am greatly afraid.
So high is my Lord's palace, my heart trembles to mount its stairs: yet I must not be shy, if I would enjoy His love.
My heart must cleave to my Lover; I
Must withdraw my veil, and meet
Him with all my body:
Mine eyes must perform the ceremony
Of the lamps of love.
Kabir says: " Listen to me, friend: he understands who loves. If you
feel not love's longing for your Beloved One, it is vain to adorn
Your body, vain to put unguent on your eyelids."
Alas, there is no such love and joy in the verse 12 of Koran's Surah 8:
12. (Remember) when your Lord inspired the angels, "Verily, I am with you, so keep firm those who have believed. I will cast terror into the hearts of those who have disbelieved, so strike them over the necks, and smite over all their fingers and toes."
Was all this made up to convert the disbelievers rather than to spread peace and love?
Deliverance
If your bonds be not broken whilst living, what hope of deliverance?
In death?
It is but an empty dream, that the soul shall have union with Him because it has passed from the body:
If He is found now, He is found then, if not, we do but go to dwell in the City of Death.
If you have union now, you shall have it hereafter.
Bathe in the truth, know the true Guru, have faith in the true Name!
Kabir says: "It is the Spirit of the quest which helps; I am the slave of this Spirit of the quest."
TELL me, Brother, how can I renounce Maya? When I gave up the tying of ribbons, till I tied my garment about me: When I gave up tying my garment, still I covered my body in its folds. So, when I give up passion, I see that anger remains; and when I renounce anger, greed is
with me still ; And when greed is vanquished, pride and vainglory remain ; when the mind is detached and casts Maya away, still it clings to the letter.
WHEN He Himself reveals Himself, Brahma brings into manifestation
That which can never be seen.
As the seed is in the plant, as the shade is in the tree, as the void is in the sky, as infinite forms are in the void So from beyond the Infinite, the Infinite comes ; and from the Infinite the finite extends.
The creature is in Brahma, and Brahma is in the creature: they
Are ever distinct, yet ever united.
Quite different s the path of deliverance which is laid down in the verse in the verse 111 of Surah 9:
[9:111] GOD has bought from the believers their lives and their money in exchange for Paradise. Thus, they fight in the cause of GOD, willing to kill and get killed. Such is His truthful pledge in the Torah, the Gospel, and the Quran - and who fulfills His pledge better than GOD? You shall rejoice in making such an exchange. This is the greatest triumph.
One is left wondering if
it is ‘God's way to make believers die for the cause of winning lands for
Muslims rather than gaining deliverance for their souls.
God
He Himself is the tree, the seed, and the germ. He Himself is the flower, the fruit, and the shade. He Himself is the sun, the light, and the lighted. He Himself is Brahma, creature, and Maya.
He Himself is the manifold form, the infinite space; He is the breath, the word, and the meaning. He Himself is the limit and the limit- less: and beyond both the limited and the limitless is He, the Pure Being.
He is the Immanent Mind in Brahma and in the creature.
The Supreme Soul is seen within the soul, The Point is seen within the Supreme Soul, And within the Point, the reflection is seen again.
Kabir is blest because he has this supreme vision.
Quite different is the concept of God in Koran as stated by God Himself in the following verses of Surah @ Al Baqara
23. And if you (Arab pagans, Jews, and Christians) are in doubt concerning that which We have sent down (i.e. the Qur'ân) to Our slave (Muhammad Peace be upon him), then produce a Sûrah (chapter) of the like thereof and call your witnesses (supporters and helpers) besides Allâh, if you are truthful. 24. But if you do it not, and you can never do it, then fear the Fire (Hell) whose fuel is men and stones, prepared for the disbelievers.
39. But those who disbelieve and belie Our Ayât (proofs, evidences, verses, lessons, signs, revelations, etc.) such are the dwellers of the Fire, they shall abide therein forever.
57. And We shaded you with clouds and sent down on you Al-Manna and the quails, (saying): "Eat of the good lawful things We have provided for you," (but they rebelled). And they did not wrong Us but they wronged themselves.
Many - and most vegetarians - would say that the poems of Kabir and his concept of God is much superior. Kabir may be blessed because of his vision of God but if you do not believe Him there is no Hell for you. Therefore, there is a reasonable doubt to what was actually sent down (ie Quran) to His ‘slave'. In ‘Decline and Fall of Roman Empire, Historian Edward Gibbon wrote "If the composition of the Koran exceeds the faculties of a man, to what superior intelligence should we ascribe the Iliad of Homer, or the Philippics of Demosthenes."
Caste of Seekers of God
IT is needless to ask of a saint the caste to which he belongs;
For the priest, the warrior, the trades- man, and all the thirty-six castes, alike are seeking for God.
It is but folly to ask what the caste of a saint may be ; The barber has sought God, the washerwoman, and the carpenter
Even Raidas was a seeker after God. The Rishi Swapacha was a tanner by
caste.
Hindus and Moslems alike have achieved that End, where remains
no mark of distinction.
The Arabs are the worst in disbelief and hypocrisy, and the most likely to ignore the laws that GOD has revealed to His messenger. GOD is Omniscient, Most Wise. Some Arabs consider their spending (in the cause of God) to be a loss, and even wait in anticipation that a disaster may hit you. It is they who will incur the worst disaster. GOD is Hearer, Omniscient.
That is how the Arabs are described in the verses 97 and 98 of Surah 9 Al-Taubah in the Quran. But paradoxically it was Arabs that spread Islam after Mohammed's death.
In the year of Mohammad's death, 632 A.D., Islam was confined to Arabic-speaking tribesmen living in Arabia and the desert fringes of Syria and Iraq. None of the settled populations of Syria, Iraq, Egypt, Iran, Afghanistan, and North Africa -- lands we think of today as clearly Islamic -- were Muslim or spoke Arabic. Yet, within a century, all these lands, along with Spain, Portugal, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan and southern Pakistan would be ruled by Arabic-speaking Muslim elite, and in all of them the local population was beginning to convert to the new religion. In his book The Great Arab Conquests, author Hugh Kennedy relates how Muslim Arabs managed to subjugate a territory with an east-west expanse greater than the Roman Empire -- and do it in about one-half the time.
History proves that the Quranic verse 9.97 was a bit premature. The Arabs proved to be quite different from "the worst in disbelief and hypocrisy, and the most likely to ignore the laws that GOD has revealed to His messenger". Transforming moment in history -- one whose effects will continue to reverberate for centuries to come - was not the birth of the Quran but the great Arab Conquest. Surely time has come to question these two verses (9. 97 and 98) from the Quran. And needless to add, these verses lay stress on ‘caste' of the seekers of God which is considered meaningless by Kabir.
Conclusion
Because Quran's intolerant verses are causing terror and death to Muslims and non-Muslims - but mostly Muslims - worldwide it is now imperative that the Indian Government has a hard look at some of the teachings of Quran that may be doing harmful brainwashing of children in the madarsas. Even in Pakistan movement has begun to replace the old syllabuses by Sufi teachings. In India it will help reducing the terrorist activities if the students in the Taliban breeding Madarsas are exposed to universal teachings of Kabir.
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